SharePoint 2010 Search Functions & Features
Basic Search
On a SharePoint site, you can search content by typing in a keyword or a search string in the search box. Note you can type multiple keywords or a complex search string if you wish.
Search Scope
If you know ahead of time which site you are interested in searching, you can refine search results and speed up the search process by choosing a search scope in the dropdown list
Closest match
If you misspell a word in the search string, SharePoint will ask you Did you mean_closest match
Refinement Panel
On the search results page, you can see a Refinement Panel on the left hand side of the page. You can refine your search results here by selecting different property values such as file type, site location, author and modified date:
Alert Me
SharePoint Search feature Alert Me is used for keeping track of changes in search results. On the search result page, click on the Alert Me icon on the right upper corner:
RSS Feed
The RSS Feed feature in SharePoint Search allows you to keep an up-to-date version of search results by subscribing to a specific search page.
in more detaill Yor refer the Link
http://www.dynamics101.com/2013/04/sharepoint-2010-search-functions/
