1) First Way Using CData Section

If your text contains a lot of "<" or "&" characters - the XML element can be defined as a CDATA section.

All text in an XML document will be parsed by the parser.
Only text inside a CDATA section will be ignored by the parser.

2. Replace with their CounterParts

Illegal XML characters have to be replaced by entity references.

If you place a character like "<" inside an XML element, it will generate an error because the parser interprets it as the start of a new element. You cannot write something like this:

if salary < 1000 then

To avoid this, you have to replace the "<" character with an entity reference, like this:

if salary < 1000 then

There are 5 predefined entity references in XML:
Replace these with their counter part specified in B
A B
& &
< <
> >
" "
' '

Note: Only the characters "<" and "&" are strictly illegal in XML. Apostrophes, quotation marks and greater than signs are legal, but it is a good habit to replace them.