Domain names and IP addressing
On the internet, to locate a particular resource, there are 2 kinds of addressing:
1. Domain Addressing
2. IP Addressing
Domain names
Domain names follow a format called the Domain Name System (DNS). Every computer on the Internet has both the Domain name and an IP address. When a domain name is used, a Domain Name Server translates that name to the corresponding IP address.
Domain names describe organizational or geographic realities. They either indicate the country the network connection is in, or what organization owns it and sometimes further details. A computer that translates the domain name of another computer into an IP address, and vice versa, upon request is known as DNS server. These servers are located all over the world and automatically do this translation when a URL containing a domain name is submitted through a browser. The IP address is returned to the browser that placed the request. The browser then lands on this IP address.
Following are examples of domain names and their meaning.
• com - Commercial
• edu – Education
• gov - U.S. government
• net - An Administrative organization for a network
• mil - non classified military networks
• org - Usually private organizations and others.
Here are also domain names for countries.
• de - Germany (Deutschland)
• it - Italy
• nz - New Zealand
• in – India
IP Addressing
An IP address is a set of four numbers (32 bits) separated by period (a dot.). A part of the address is designated as the network address, and the other part as a node address.
Example: 202.54.15.178.
Network address uniquely identifies each network. Each machine on the same network shares that network address as part of its IP address. Node address uniquely identifies each machine on a network (must be unique because it identifies a particular machine). In the given IP address 202.54.15.178, the 202.54 is the network address and 15.178 is the node address in case of class B network.
These numbers are primarily read and managed by computers. Each part of this address that is part between the dots represents an octet (a value of 8 bits).
Network classes are based on the network size. There are three classes - A, B and C.
 Attachments
Domain Names and IP Addressing (34235-20731-Domain-names-and-IP-addressing.doc)
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