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Flow Control in C#
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Scope: Scope of this artcile is upto its title and descriptive to its practical scenario.
Flow Control
This contains:
Conditional statements:
As it predicts from name that using these statement we can group our code depends on certain conditions. These are mainly if and switch statements.
- The if statement
if statement comes with many roles like if .. else, if . else if, if .. else if . else etc. The following program tells the whole story:/p>
/* This Example is a part of different
* examples shown in Book:
* C#2005 Beginners: A Step Ahead
* Written by: Gaurav Arora
* Reach at : gaurav.aroraose@yahoo.co.in*/
// File name : conditionalstatementif.cs
using System;
namespace CSharp.AStepAhead.conditionalstatementif
{
class conditionalstatementif
{
public static string str;
int i = 10;
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("Enter Some text : ");
str = Console.ReadLine();
Console.WriteLine("\nThis is single if statement");
if (str.Length == 0)
Console.WriteLine("You have entered : {0}", str);
Console.ReadLine(); //this is out-side if block
Console.WriteLine("\nThis is if multiple statements");
if (str.Length == 0)
{
str = "nothing";
Console.WriteLine("You have entered : {0}", str);
}
if (str == "nothing")
str = "";
Console.WriteLine("\nThis is multiple if statement");
if (str.Length != 0)
{
if (str.Length == 1)
Console.WriteLine("You have entered : {0} only one character", str);
else if (str.Length > 2)
Console.WriteLine("You have entered : {0} more than one characters", str);
}
else
Console.WriteLine("You have entered an empty string");
}
}
}
- The switch statement
The switch . case statement is good when we have lot of grouped conditions. Lets check the followings:
/* This Example is a part of different
* examples shown in Book:
* C#2005 Beginners: A Step Ahead
* Written by: Gaurav Arora
* Reach at : gaurav.aroraose@yahoo.co.in*/
// File name : conditionalstatementswitchcase.cs
using System;
namespace CSharp.AStepAhead.conditionalstatementswitchcase
{
class conditionalstatementswitchcase
{
public static int num;
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("Enter Number(s) only [0-9]: ");
num = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
switch (num)
{
case 1:
Console.WriteLine("\nYou have entered Number - One");
break;
case 2:
Console.WriteLine("\nYou have entered Number - Two");
break;
case 3:
Console.WriteLine("\nYou have entered Number - Three");
break;
case 4:
Console.WriteLine("\nYou have entered Number - Four");
break;
case 5:
Console.WriteLine("\nYou have entered Number - Five");
break;
case 6:
Console.WriteLine("\nYou have entered Number - Six");
break;
case 7:
Console.WriteLine("\nYou have entered Number - Seven");
break;
case 8:
Console.WriteLine("\nYou have entered Number - Eight");
break;
case 9:
Console.WriteLine("\nYou have entered Number - Nine");
break;
default:
Console.WriteLine("\nSorry you have entered invald number");
break;
}
}
}
}
Iterations:
C# provides four iterative blocks [for, while, do . . . while, foreach] with the help of these you can do repetitive tasks.
- The for Loop
The for loop is the big one loop which allow you to iterate or repeat the task by specifying the condition.
Syntax: for (starter; conditioner; iterator) { statement (s);}
/* This Example is a part of different
* examples shown in Book:
* C#2005 Beginners: A Step Ahead
* Written by: Gaurav Arora
* Reach at : gaurav.aroraose@yahoo.co.in*/
// File name : iterationfor.cs
using System;
namespace CSharp.AStepAhead.iterationfor
{
class iterationfor
{
public static string str;
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("Enter Some text : ");
str = Console.ReadLine();
string str1=str.ToLower();
char c;
int vowel =0, consonent=0;
for (int i=0; i <= str1.Length - 1; i++)
{
//Cont for vowels
c = Convert.ToChar(str1.Substring(i, 1));
if ((c == 'a') ||( c == 'e' )|| (c == 'i') ||( c == 'o') ||( c == 'u'))
vowel++;
else
consonent++;
}
Console.WriteLine("String \"{0}\", Contains:{1} Vowels and {2} Consonent", str, vowel, consonent);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
- The While Loop
The While loop is has the great skill to test before iterate. The programmers of C++ and Java already aware from the working of While loop, its also the same as While . Wend loop in Visual Basic. So, no need to get bore to learn this new loop.
Syntax: while (condition) { statement (s);}
In the following example, we just try to check the power of this loop, as we know this will check the condition first which is almost false to check. We will just find what the user entered as plain text and then display the same text with count of characters, you will not one thing, I have applied here [\b] escape sequence to remove the last character. We will get another example to solve the same with other type or method later on.
/* This Example is a part of different
* examples shown in Book:
* C#2005 Beginners: A Step Ahead
* Written by: Gaurav Arora
* Reach at : gaurav.aroraose@yahoo.co.in*/
// File name : iterationwhile.cs
using System;
namespace CSharp.AStepAhead.iterationwhile
{
class iterationwhile
{
public static string str;
public static char c;
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("Enter Some text [x-Exit]: ");
int i=0;
while (c != 'x')
{
c = (char)Console.Read();
i += (c!=' ' ? 1 : 0);
str += c;
}
Console.WriteLine("You have Entered Text \"{0}\b\", Contains:{1} character(s) and Total Length is :{2} Character(s)", str,i-1,str.Length-1);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
- The do . . while Loop
The do . while loop is similar to do .. while in C++ and Java also to Loop.While in Visual basic. In this the block is executed first and then checks the condition. So, then block is executed at once if the condition is false.
Syntax: do{ statement (s);} while (condition);
/* This Example is a part of different
* examples shown in Book:
* C#2005 Beginners: A Step Ahead
* Written by: Gaurav Arora
* Reach at : gaurav.aroraose@yahoo.co.in*/
// File name : iterationdowhile.cs
using System;
namespace CSharp.AStepAhead.iterationdowhile
{
class iterationdowhile
{
static void Main()
{
int i = 0;
do
{
Console.WriteLine("This statement Execute atleast once");
Console.WriteLine("\nThe Value of i: {0}", i);
i++;
Console.WriteLine("\nThe Value of i: {0}", i);
} while (i != 1);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
- The foreach Loop
The foreach is newly added to C# which is not presented in C++, actually this is borrowed from loops of Visual Basic. This has very great ability to iterate through the each element in a collection.
/* This Example is a part of different
* examples shown in Book:
* C#2005 Beginners: A Step Ahead
* Written by: Gaurav Arora
* Reach at : gaurav.aroraose@yahoo.co.in*/
// File name : iterationdoforeach.cs
using System;
namespace CSharp.AStepAhead.iterationdoforeach
{
class iterationdoforeach
{
static void Main()
{
// cs_foreach.cs
int[] intArray = new int[] { 0, 1, 8, 3, 4, 5, 16 };
Console.WriteLine("Array intAray contains : \n");
foreach (int i in intArray)
{
Console.WriteLine(i);
}
Console.Read();
}
}
}
For more details, visit http://www.msdotnetheaven.com/ChaptersCsharp/csharplanguagei.htm
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